The construction of houses with solid wood walls, as the "blockbau" or "Fachwerk" takes over a building tradition spread to Europe, especially in Alpine and Nordic countries.
These types, for both narrow grounds maintenance works and for new construction needs, have undergone significant technical improvements, especially in relation to the problem of withdrawal wood work and its undesirable consequences (cracks in the plaster, cracks, etc.)..
The system essentially provides the use of solid wood or laminated logs of various species and sizes, square or rounded, with double or triple production in male and female, which are vertically stacked together to form the partition or carrier.
Such systems have been adopted by the industrial production of prefabricated houses, available in various standardized sizes.
Wood as a natural material, compact and homogeneous, can provide high performance thermal and acoustic insulation, in addition to knowing how to adjust the indoor humidity bringing the comfort of the rooms at high levels.
Wood is an environmentally friendly material not only because it is a renewable raw material, but also because it produces waste processing biodegradable or reusable, but also because its use from forest to factory to the site requires the use of large energy far lower than all other materials used in construction, hence resulting less pollution.
The walls of these houses are made from tree trunks (usually spruce), or left slightly squared round which, properly clamped in the three spatial directions, make the structure statically efficient, especially in comparison horizontal actions such as those carried by wind and earthquake.
These elements, properly channeled, are mounted on each other and the corners, together with joints. The wall thickness varies from 6 to 20 cm. Those with a thickness of less than 14/16 cm are too light to meet the acoustic requirements for a normal house and require an additional coating.
The structural elements in wood or riutilizzabli are completely recyclable into new structures.
solid wood walls with external insulation inside a wall coating of solid wood normally consists of a layer of insulating material and a wooden table. Also agrees the inclusion of a barrier to the wind (kraft paper). The insulation material panels are more suitable for soft wood fiber, coconut fiber mats and panels in wood chips mineralized.
The main drawback of these walls, with or without isolation, is the withdrawal of solid wood. The withdrawal on axis perpendicular to the fiber is much higher than in the trunk axis, in fact, the withdrawal of a horizontal height of 20cm is 2-3 mm, the withdrawal of the pillars is much lower, ie 2 -3mm over a length of 3 m.
of this withdrawal must be considered in the construction of doors, windows, stairs, chimneys and installations. Above the windows and doors must remain a suitable space, filled with coconut fiber or another fibrous material, to allow settling, otherwise the walls are no longer in the tube.
before purchasing a prefabricated house of wood you should check with the manufacturer on any pest control treatment suffered. It is, however, preferred to buy houses with untreated and treated their innocuous products. The air quality problems are attributable, in fact, the need for protection against the aggression of the material and biological protection against fire, so again the question moves mainly towards the nature of the products used in their treatments.
Compared to the laying great care should be paid to construction details of the bathrooms and other wet areas where the blocks will be posted opportunamnte isolated from the soil through a slab opportunamnete sized.
You should avoid mounting adhesives and sealing of the gaps with foam, resins, adhesives and silicones. In the case of coating the interior walls with insulation or protection against moisture (vapor barrier) should be paid attention to the possible effect of "encapsulation" of the confined space. This effect means that the pollutants may be present in indoor air can not breathe out through the walls, while the effect of absorption and purification can be carried out exclusively by the internal surface finishing layer (beads, panels) .
For fire protection the lining chalk it ensures much higher than the treatments with fire retardant chemicals, even if it keeps the wood beams. It is good to minimize maintenance, with polyurethane or epoxy indoors because they produce strong and prolonged emissions.
also be avoided in the treatment of recurrent confined spaces to impregnation with preservatives and dyes: they do not form a protective film surface and can release pollutants into the environment continuously.
The technique of dry assembly can speed up construction and minimize the risk of impact on indoor air quality.
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